SELECTED STUDIES

Section Editor: Prof. Talaat I. Farag

It  was  suggested ( Abd Allah et al ,2004)(1 and 2) to draw Dermatoglyphic Maps (DM), for chronic diseases in order to predict cases too early for best prevention and cure . Dermatoglyphic  prints (DP) are highly genetically controlled . Once formed in the first few months in  Intrauterine life , DP remain unchanged till death. Dermatoglyphics may form a genetic dictionary and may uncover the vital relations between organs and may develop a new perfect method for classifying human diseases and has a great impact on its prevention and treatment.

259 patient 0n  end stage renal failure patients on regular kidney washes, in both Assiut and Souhage were hand printed "Abd Allah et al., 2004   ", read and statistically analysed using a SPSS program ,using the classification –Discrimination  analysis module. It derives estimates of multivariate nature translated to a monovariable reading according to the formula:  L = B1X1+ B2X2+--------------BpXp   

A cut –off point is estimated as:

1/2(L1mean+L2mean) = constant + B1(X11mean+X12mean)/2 + B2(X2mean+XX21+X22)/2---------Bp(Xp1mean + Xp2)/2

1/2(L1mean+L2mean) =B0

250 patients for whom Renal functions were proved to be within normal limits were included as control subjects(urea blood level is within 40 mgm per decalitre.).

B0 is calculated for all categories( males both hands , females both hands, right hand males , left hand males , Right hand females and lastly left hand females) in order to find the best combination which can discriminate between Renal Failure patients and normal people.

In every case –if calculated Bp is greater than B0 of the same combination ,predisposition to renal failure is accepted as positive.

Table I shows the Eigen values , canonical correlations , Wilke`s Lambda and Q-square findings for every discriminating combination

The use of Discriminamt analysis to formulate the function that can discriminate between normals and RF patients – on the level of computer precision – is an optimal method because:

1. Dermatoglyphics once formed in intra-uterine life never change till death. Therefore it can predict diseases even 30-40 years  before it happens giving a very favorite time interval to investigate ,and prevent or avoid the development of pathologies.
2. It is very cheap , reproducible , easily quantified and read.
3. The greater the number of diseases for which Discrimination  analysis is used to formulate  Discrimination functions , the nearer we become to the formulation of HDDM maps (Abd Allah et al., 2005).
4. HDDM maps can help to categories diseases on anatomical or functional bases . Thereupon , groups of diseases similar and dissimilar to each other can make the bases for the classification of Human Morbidity.
5. A cut-off point dependant on the anatomical variables only was used because it is unaffected by other factors except the disease process itself .

259 cases of end-stage Renal Failure (RF) patients in Assiut and Souhage university hospitals and 250 control cases (for whom there was proved good renal functions ), were hand printed. Dermatoglyphic records were read and feed to computer  with an SPSS program using the Classification-Discrimination module.

6. One can calculate the values of variables in selected combinations , multiply by the Discrimination co-effecients and add them to the constant to get the calculated B0 for that group which if exceed the reference B0 value , genetic predisposition to RF is accepted. This will open the door for a new era of optimal investigations , prevention and treatment on the preventive level.
7. It can be used irrespective of age  and disease status and can give time for very early prediction , optimal investigations , optimally directed researches and better well-being for potentially miserable people. 

The B0 for both hands for males and females, can be used for the screening of suspected persons. B0 calculation for either males or females can be used but yielding less powerful results.

It is expected that if all diseases especially chronic diseases ,if investigated by the Dermatoglyphic method described , and their B0 calculated , it can open the door for a new anatomically based classification of human morbidity , a new world of investigations  ; for human well-being and Health, preventive and therapeutic .Human Dermatoglyphic Diseases Maps  (HDDM) could be established  and could be used as the low power of the microscope , leaving the highly costly gene tests for well-developed countries with great funds to act as the high power of the microscope (see abd allah,et al.2005). HDDM can help to aggregate  gene groups for better characterization by sophisticated  gene methods.

1. Abd Allah et al. 2005. Mass detection of Genetic Predisposition to Breast Cancer. The Ambassadors Online Magazine. Volume 8-issue 1 January 2005 http://www.ambassadors.net/archives/issue17/selectedstudy2.htm      Volume 8-issue 1 January 2005.
2. The Provision of data-base for Public Health Genetic studies in Upper Egypt .Abd Allah et al. 2003. Endorsed by Ministry of Scientific Research- Academy of Scientific Research and Technology –Medical research council-Code :P5 – MED – 010 - 01.